The Football League (FL) took a big step towards securing a sustainable future for lower league football last week, when members voted to support the phased introduction of a Financial Fair Play (FFP) rule into the Championship. It has taken them two years, but finally the FL has taken a step in the right direction even if issues still remain unresolved.
The timing of the vote could not have been any more poignant. This year has been a bad year for football clubs, particularly in the Championship. The well-documented drama at Portsmouth is just the tip of the iceberg. A House of Commons (HoC) Select Committee report into football governance estimated that the combined aggregate debt of Championship clubs stood at £825 million by July 2011. In the early 2000s, first division clubs such as Ipswich, Wimbledon and Bradford entered administration, with the latter now plying their trade in League Two. More recently Crystal Palace entered administration in 2010 spending a good chunk of that year restructuring debt and repaying footballing debtors.
With this in mind, it was absolutely right that the FL took action and the best course currently available and acceptable to Championship clubs was clearly the introduction of an FPP rule. The Championship version is relatively clear. By the 2015/16 season, the level of ‘acceptable deviation’ from the break even figure will be £2m, down from £4m in 2011/12 (this in theory means that a club can lose £2m a year). The second provision caps the acceptable level of “shareholder equity investment” (i.e. money that shareholders can invest in return for equity in the football club) from £8m in 2011/12 to £3m in 2012/13. Clubs will be penalised through the introduction of a “Fair Play Tax”, a progressive tax, which will be redistributed amongst compliant clubs in an attempt to even the playing field. This will be levied at six different rates, from 1% of a club’s excess (meaning the amount over the combined loss and equity cap) between £1 and £100,000 and 100% of the excess over £10,000,000. The FL hope this will operate as a deterrent for clubs attempting to buy their way into the Premier League and level the playing field through its redistribution mechanism.
Before you get the wrong impression, may I first say, this system is far from perfect. First and foremost, even by 2015/16, it will still allow clubs to lose up to £2m a year, which is far from sustainable. Secondly, whilst it contains a provision to cap a club’s annual deficit, there seems to be no provision capping the size of a club’s total debt, allowing owners to saddle clubs with fatal debts without contravening this ruling. Thirdly, the £3m yearly limit on shareholder equity investment is still too high and guards against pluralistic ownership of football clubs. A lower rate would have served to level the financial playing field in the Championship which, coupled with reform of parachute payments (as yet, still unresolved), would serve to make the league more competitive. Lastly, the FL would have been better advised to introduce the Salary Costs Management Protocol (SCMP) which limits League Two clubs to spending 55% or less of their turnover on players wages. Such a measure encourages clubs to live within their means.
However, this is a step in the right direction. It demonstrates that the FL has recognised the problems in the Championship and is now taking the issue of football finance seriously. The footballing authorities have a responsibility to promote sustainability within the game, particularly if government is to remain out of the picture. Football is not a traditional business. The profit motive doesn’t exist. Owners tend to invest because they love the game or they enjoy the status that comes with owning a football club. The ‘customers’ in this instance have an emotional attachment to the providers of the ‘product’ and as such will not look elsewhere for the same product. In this environment, it is not difficult to see why debt piles up and clubs go into administration. Owners are encouraged to invest huge sums of money into clubs, by fans thinking with their hearts and not their heads, resulting in the disregard of long-term financial prosperity (the club I support, Barnet, being a notable exception). Therefore the FL and Premier League should take responsibility and regulate as stringently as possible to engender sustainability. In introducing the FFP rule in the Championship, the FL has taken a step in the right direction. However, more needs to be done.

